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领域驱动设计
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<article>
<h1>领域驱动设计</h1>
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<p class="post-info">更新: 2023-11-06 16:02:39</p>
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<h1 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="headerlink" title="参考文献"></a>参考文献</h1><ul>
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<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844903618680881165">蚂蚁金服数据体验技术团队 - 领域驱动设计</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://tech.meituan.com/2017/12/22/ddd-in-practice.html">美团 - 领域驱动设计在互联网业务开发中的实践</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://huhao.dev/posts/61190ae2/#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%9F%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB">领域驱动实战思考</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.tangshuang.net/8663.html">基于 DDD 的前端项目架构设计与实战</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.tangshuang.net/8212.html">React 语境下前端 DDD 的思考</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="架构对比"><a href="#架构对比" class="headerlink" title="架构对比"></a>架构对比</h1><p>从后端视角看，对比传统的三层架构，领域驱动</p>
<ul>
<li><code>充血</code>复用了：领域对外的接口</li>
<li><code>领域服务</code>封装了：领域之间的联系</li>
</ul>
<p>贫血模型-&gt;充血模型，降低了<code>service层</code>的负担，同时保证了业务迭代，<code>entity</code>的独立性</p>
<h2 id="MVC"><a href="#MVC" class="headerlink" title="MVC"></a>MVC</h2><p>从数据库视角、分析实体出发，进行系统的构建</p>
<ul>
<li>DAO 层</li>
<li>Service 层</li>
<li>Controller 层</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="后端-DDD"><a href="#后端-DDD" class="headerlink" title="后端 DDD"></a>后端 DDD</h2><blockquote>
<p>针对基础设施层，也可以考虑加入<code>防腐层</code>、<code>工厂</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>一个领域基本四层架构</p>
<ol>
<li>用户层(user interface): 对标 controller，对外提供 web 服务、接口</li>
<li>应用层(application): 业务层，定义领域可以解决的问题 <code>domainService</code></li>
<li>领域层(domain): 纯粹的描述业务实体</li>
<li>基础设施层(infra): 持久化层(Builder+repository)</li>
</ol>
<p>同时，领域拆分带来如下两个致命问题</p>
<ul>
<li>领域化(微服务)后，数据库是分开的，导致实体调用链复杂，避免跨库查询</li>
<li>避免分布式事务同步</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="前端-DDD"><a href="#前端-DDD" class="headerlink" title="前端 DDD"></a>前端 DDD</h2><blockquote>
<p>?? 这里存在一个问题，api 网关到底要不要挪到前端领域目录下来开发</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>用户层: web、mobile、mini-program …多端</li>
<li>service: 暴露给 UI 组件的 <code>domainSerivce</code>，组织实体的状态流转</li>
<li>entity: 实体、聚合实体、事件</li>
<li>infra: api 请求、缓存、工具</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="工厂-Factory-x2F-Builder"><a href="#工厂-Factory-x2F-Builder" class="headerlink" title="工厂 Factory &#x2F; Builder"></a>工厂 Factory &#x2F; Builder</h2><ul>
<li>数据库表设计层面，如果要<code>多对多</code>的关系，只能很别扭的设计一个中间表。</li>
<li>实体 A 适合 <code>mongo</code>文档形存储，实体 B 适合<code>mysql</code>关系型存储。对于 <code>Builder</code> 而言，直接在这个领域搓出来 <code>A 和 B</code> 的 <code>CRUD</code>的实现方法</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="防腐层-Facade-x2F-Adaptor"><a href="#防腐层-Facade-x2F-Adaptor" class="headerlink" title="防腐层 Facade &#x2F; Adaptor"></a>防腐层 Facade &#x2F; Adaptor</h2><p>也被成为适配器，隔离第三方&#x2F;外部服务，例如场景，用户上传文件到阿里云、腾讯云</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript" data-language="javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserUploadServiceFacade</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">UserService</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 上传
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token function">upload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">oss</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>oss <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"ali"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"OK"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>oss <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">"tx"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"FAIL"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h1 id="领域模型"><a href="#领域模型" class="headerlink" title="领域模型"></a>领域模型</h1><p>实体的<code>贫血-&gt;充血</code>是一个随着业务发展过程演变的结果，初期业务场景不明确，很难充血，瞎几把充血，纯属找难受。</p>
<p>是否需要引入<code>聚合根(aggregate root)</code>的概念，解决领域内实体独立、平铺关系带来的不方便，这个可能比较看心情</p>
<h2 id="贫血模型-POJO-的问题"><a href="#贫血模型-POJO-的问题" class="headerlink" title="贫血模型(POJO)的问题"></a>贫血模型(POJO)的问题</h2><blockquote>
<p>脱离了业务复杂度谈分层，好比抛开剂量谈毒性</p>
</blockquote>
<p>领域对象里只有<code>get/set</code>方法，所有的业务逻辑都不包含在内，从而造成<code>失忆症</code>，从实体中，无法知道发生了那些业务，需要去 <code>service层</code> 里挨个梳理，一旦业务迭代、<code>service 层</code>直接开始变成屎山</p>
<h2 id="充血模型-amp-amp-领域服务的关系"><a href="#充血模型-amp-amp-领域服务的关系" class="headerlink" title="充血模型 &amp;&amp; 领域服务的关系"></a>充血模型 &amp;&amp; 领域服务的关系</h2><blockquote>
<p>确保领域之间独立的，随着不断的充血，保证领域(实体)是独立发展的</p>
</blockquote>
<p>假定两个 domain(实体)：</p>
<ul>
<li>学生: 上课、做作业</li>
<li>老师、全体起立、布置作业</li>
</ul>
<p>假定<code>老师</code>调用<code>全体起立</code>，对应肯定要<code>学生</code>调用<code>上课</code>，这个就是 <code>领域服务(domainService)</code> 需要去处理的，他俩不能建立直接的联系。</p>
<ul>
<li>增加新的业务逻辑：在 <code>domainService</code> 增加新的方法。</li>
<li>调整旧的业务逻辑：修改<code>学生</code>，<code>老师</code>，内部具体的方法，<code>domainService</code> 完全不需要变化。</li>
</ul>
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<p> Mozzie</p>
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<span>发布于</span>
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<span>目录</span>
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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">参考文献</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">架构对比</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MVC"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MVC</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF-DDD"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">后端 DDD</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF-DDD"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">前端 DDD</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82-Factory-x2F-Builder"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">工厂 Factory &#x2F; Builder</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90%E5%B1%82-Facade-x2F-Adaptor"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">防腐层 Facade &#x2F; Adaptor</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">领域模型</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B4%AB%E8%A1%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-POJO-%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">贫血模型(POJO)的问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%85%E8%A1%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B-amp-amp-%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">充血模型 &amp;&amp; 领域服务的关系</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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